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Smith says
Why is ALWAYS possible to exclude one of 2 possible fathers if they are unrelated and if one of them is indeed the biological father (match at ALL loci 15 locci)? What is considered 2 unrelated possible fathers?
Kate says
Each person will recieve one STR allele from their mother and one from their father.
If the child has an allele that the alleged father does not have, then that man can not be the biological father.
In this example, the alleged father has a 12 and a 13 at the first marker. The child has neither a 12 or a 13. This would be an Exclusion because the child has alleles that the alleged father does not.
Two unrelated possible fathers are two men, who where capable of fathering the child in question who are not related to each other. For example, the two men are not brothers, father and son, uncle and nephew, etc.
Definitive paternity tests are possible, even when the men are related, but because both men will share similar DNA the results for the excluded man may show a relationship to the child (though not paternal). It is helpful (though not necessary) to the lab to know if there is a familiar relationship between the possible fathers when interpreting results.
Smith says
Dear Kate,
When you say: “but because both men will share similar DNA the results for the excluded man may show a relationship to the child (though not paternal). ” what this means? It means that if the possible fathers are related, the excluded one will not match in a low number of markers? Like how many for example (2, 3,4,5) but if the possible fathers are not related, the excluded one will not match in a large number of markers (8, 9, 10, all?). Is this what you mean?
Thanks in advance.